Why your diversity and inclusion strategy should consider more than gender and background

Today’s workforce is taking on a significantly different makeup. Older generations are deferring retirement, and millennials, the dominant cohort of today’s professionals, continue to enter the workforce¹. Having a greater longitude of experience, training and attitudes — with inclusive leadership and organizational models that draw on generational differences — can be a competitive advantage. According to Cloverpop:

• In general, teams make better decisions than individuals 66% of the time.
• When adding diversity to the equation (including age, gender and geography), teams make better decisions 87% of the time.

If people in the company better mirror the general population and can bring different perspectives and skills, the organization can drive targeted and purposeful innovation. Combining the knowledge and history of experienced generations with the fresh take of newer generations can lead to more successful outcomes, particularly when the mix is carefully tailored to the task at hand.

However, differences between new generations and old can create frictions in an organization and, if left unchecked, negatively impact its performance. Such biases can discourage collaboration, cohesion and the flow of new ideas, thus hindering innovation. At the same time, there is opportunity for these frictions of different experiences and points of view to lead to innovative ideas, higher-quality solutions and more accurate decisions.

For organizational leaders, this intergenerational friction drives some clear inclusiveness imperatives:

• Seek out multigenerational views, making greater generational range a priority. Set organizational and team structures to embrace and reward a culture that actively draws on the voices of multiple generations.
• Plan for the growing “new normal.” Anticipate the generational transition and put mechanisms in place now, such as establishing mentorship programs. As boomers retire, knowledge transfer and succession planning for clients, governance and strategy will be key challenges.
• Recognize that true two-way communication includes all voices. Proactively seek out input across the range of cohorts in the organization. Creating a “shadow board” of millennials, boomers and Gen X to advise and offer inputs could be one way to develop inclusive leadership at the highest echelons of corporations.

The use of contingent workers is not a new trend; companies have been using temporary workers to control costs and meet seasonal needs for decades. However, the data from two EY surveys suggests that large organizations are deploying contingent or “gig” workers for strategic business reasons as well.

Of decision-makers surveyed across public and private organizations:

• 50% thought gig workers could help their organization overcome resistance to change
• 56% thought that gig workers could bring in expertise beyond the capability of their existing workforce

Fresh perspectives and new skills

Through their independence, these workers can provide fresh perspectives and challenge organizational norms. Working a portfolio of jobs across industries and being unencumbered by organizational politics and process, contingent workers can provide near real-time insights and great strategic value. Their cross-industry knowledge and flexibility are particularly important to companies that may be exploring new business models, products and services for future revenue streams.

However, blended team dynamics may exclude the “gig” worker or marginalize their point of view. Leaders who cultivate inclusiveness can break through this barrier and grow the contributions from contingent and permanent colleagues.

To fully enable the rich base of skills and knowledge contingent workers can offer, there are several strategies to consider:

• Provide “gig” workers with a support system in your organization, starting with activities such as assigning an experienced team member as a buddy during onboarding. Make sure that ongoing support is available to benefit integration to the organization.  
• Transparently share information with all members of the team (not just a select few).
• Clearly set norms, expectations and objectives for the entire team at the outset, remembering that these are often implicit to experienced team members but may be unknown to the contingent worker, potentially amplifying a sense of “outsider” status.   

Corporate cultures often implicitly or explicitly encourage conformity to a set of behaviors. This is beneficial to maintaining operational efficiency but over time can make the workforce inflexible, even paralyzed. Blind spots also become a risk, while the rest of the world transforms. With industries converging, professional diversity is also on the rise. For example, technology companies are hiring Hollywood scriptwriters, novelists and poets to help craft better conversational interfaces. As disruption becomes a staple of the business landscape, it is more important than ever for companies to nurture the cognitive diversity that comes with professional diversity as well.

Cognitive diversity is defined as “differences in how people, see, categorize, understand, and go about improving the world.”²

This includes neurodiversity as well, and those who might experience and value the world in a completely different way. The potential of cognitive diversity is unlocked in teams with psychological safety — where trust is high and employees have space to present dissenting opinions and challenge entrenched thinking without threat to status, brand or sense of belonging to the team.

Leaders can create psychological safety for their teams so that cognitive diversity is not suppressed, and individuals are encouraged to attempt different approaches to problems even if they don’t yield results. Encouraging divergent thinkers can aid corporate leaders in avoiding stagnation and even in mitigating the risk of obsolescence.

To tap this potential for enhanced problem solving and innovation, leaders can focus on fostering an environment that promotes this diversity of thought:

• Keep decision-making processes open for input and understanding. Ask each person on the team to share their ideas and perspectives.
• Create a safe environment to question, challenge and share non-traditional ideas for consideration (whether they end up being the final decision or not). Ask what perspectives have not yet been heard.
• Be open and transparent about the reasons for your decisions and what you prioritize — and if you are the most senior leader in the room, give your own point of view last, not first.

Governments and business alike are closely watching the capacity of AI-enabled machines to replace humans in many occupations, across many sectors.³ OECD analysis suggests that its effect will depend on the speed of the development and the diffusion of AI technologies over the coming decade.⁴ However, there is room in the picture for AI to augment human capabilities at work.

As smarter machines enter the work environment, organizations can consider how they will maintain diversity and an inclusive culture in a shrinking workforce, with eyes open to AI’s flaws. There is known risk that AI may propagate unconscious or unintended biases since it is built on human-provided data.

As the workforce shifts — to more gig workers, to the incorporation of more advanced skills and capabilities — positive opportunities are created: roles can be elevated, with new space for innovation to flourish in an inclusive environment that brings humans and technology together.

To harness the potential of a human plus machine workforce there are several strategies for organizational leaders, in both the public and private sector, to consider:

• Consider the broader range of skills that will be necessary in an era of intelligent machines. Roll out training and development programs to upskill the workforce on competencies that will likely remain the bailiwick of humans, such as curiosity, inclusiveness, agility and resilience.
• Take a long view of diversity in a rapidly changing environment. Organizational leaders will need to continue building a diverse pipeline of candidates. Engaging with communities and schools along with workforce training initiatives present opportunities to make sure diverse backgrounds have the skill sets needed.
• Look for blind spots in your algorithms, as biases can be unintentionally perpetuated, and even amplified, in AI. Including diverse views and voices as algorithms are built and maintained is critical to avoiding this trap.

Reimagining diversity and inclusiveness in an era of disruption

To thrive in disruption, a culture in which people team and lead inclusively will help organizations tap into the vast potential of a diverse workforce. Establishing the organizational structures and governance necessary, to drive accountability for impact, will be the defining features of inclusive and successful leadership. In many global organizations today, abundant differences naturally exist. However, there may be a tacit expectation that everyone adapt to the dominant behavioral culture — sidelining many of the benefits that may be realized from recognizing and celebrating all differences.  To be successful in a changing environment, a high level of self-awareness at all levels of the organization is a critical enabler. Actively and purposefully seeing and pursuing the benefits of our differences will require a concerted and institutionalized effort.

In addition to the strategies mentioned throughout this paper, leaders can explicitly ask themselves and their teams, “Is this a preference, tradition or requirement?” Examining criteria and decisions through this exercise can disrupt our natural tendencies, surfacing the unintended biases that may be underlying certain processes and facilitating self-reflection.

While change will not happen overnight, 2018 can be the start of a sustainable path toward new organizational norms that fully enable the breadth of employee talent to propel us onward.
 

Further contributors to this article: Rebecca Hiscock-Croft - EY Global Government and Public Sector, Lisa White - EY Diversity & Inclusiveness and Prianka Srinivasan - EYQ